Friday, August 7, 2015

L: Homer/Anchorage/Denali


ANCHORAGE:  The Anchorage basin holds over 35% of the population of the state.  It lies at the tip of the Cook Inlet and is Alaska's largest seaport - hence the name of the city (again, by vote of the people).   Since Anchorage is just above the Kenai Peninsula, it did not go unscathed by the 1964 earthquake.  Recall that Valdez went down and Seward went up?  Well … Anchorage went out.  Land on Anchorage's southeast shore was pulled out to sea: some two miles.  Since the stability of that new land was dubious, they dubbed it as a wildlife preserve and fenced it off so no-one could build on it.  However, they did build a road out there. The photo below was taken from a point that would have been in the town when I graduated from High School.  It is now two-miles sea-ward.
L1-D3533 Sue & Jer pull Anchorage from a hat

Alaska has more private pilots per capita than any state in the nation.  There are few highways in Alaska and there is generally only one way to get from point A to point B.  The use of small aircraft makes commuting over the sometimes enormous distances between those A's and B's possible.  It also makes possible delivery of emergency supplies to remote areas and opens up much of the country for hunting and fishing.  Most large cities have lagoons adjacent to their airports expressly for these pontoon boats.  Many of them are outfitted so they can switch landing gear from pontoons, to skis, to tires for runway landings or to big balloon tires to land on the snow.  Anchorage has the largest small aircraft airport in the world.  The waiting list for sites on the lagoon is measured in decades.
L2-i3642 Pontoon planes at Anchorage Airport annex

Anchorage is a typical big city.  Citizens live here year-round in fairly moderate temperature; highs averaging 60-degreees in summer and 30-deg in winter.  They have theatre, movies, museums and office towers.  Though tourism is a minor part of their economy, there are lots of things for visitors to do … and we did many.  Saw the world's tallest chocolate fountain, visited the ULU knife factory, rambled thru the weekend market place.
L3-i0468:  Anchorage 1st Friday Marketplace.

… Bottom line, what can you say about a town in "the last frontier" where our RV Park was directly across the street from Costco?
DENALI:   
Denali is not so much a town as a region.  The town lies just outside the Denali National Wildlife Preserve which encompasses Mt McKinley/Denali as part of the highest mountain range in the US.  Denali sits on the Nenana River that flows at some 30,000 gallons per minute up toward the Yukon River.  Denali has two hotels, 2 RV parks and a double handfull of busses bringing tourists to the town every day.  Inside the Park there is a railroad stop, another hotel and significant camping facilities.  The town is open four months of the year and commerce completely shuts down for the eight months of winter.
On a very clear day, you can see Mt McKinley from Anchorage.  We got our first glimpse of Mt McKinley at a roadside stop about half way to Denali.  That's it, hiding behind the cloud above the tall spruce on the left. 
L4-D3547 Alaska Range, behind Fireweed

The magenta flower in the foreground is fireweed. It is the state flower and has some unique behavior.  Fireweed is the first flowering plant to grow in an area besieged by forest fire.  They also tend to line the roadside in the cleared area between the road and the forest.  Fireweed blossoms first appear just above the leafy part of the stem (seen on the flower at the lower left).  Blossoms appear above that as these first blooms deflower, forming a wave of color that progresses up the frond as summer progresses (see second from left).  At the end of the summer, the blossoms all disappear and the whole plant begins to turn white.  It is understood that white fireweed indicates that snow will come in six weeks.
The Denali National Wildlife Preserve is the third largest in the world and the second largest in the state.  It covers some 10,000 square miles with no houses, buildings, or roads.  Man may only visit Wildlife preserves and can do nothing that would affect the balance of nature.  Hikers may camp, but must return per their posted 'flight-plan'.  There is one 65-mile long road that goes about half-way into the preserve, but it is not paved, and there are no fences.  The road is not legally in the preserve since the park boundary has been gerrymandered to exclude the roadway and it's graded shoulders.  This is the road from which bicyclers and our tour (with about 15 to 20 more busses each day) get to view the wildlife in that sanctuary.
Our first sighting was a caribou - at rest. 
L5a-D3557  A typical Caribou sighting

Second animal sighted was a grizzly and her pup.   This view of the grizzly mom took the full power of my 16x lens. 
L5b-D3586 Grizzly from a respectful distance

The cub was frolicking on the other side of the creek from mom.  I had a clear shot snapped him, but you'd have to project my photo onto a 40-foot high screen to get him lifesize.  Nobody should hope to photograph wildlife with anything less than a 200x.  You can pop these shots open on your device to expand them.
L5bb-D3584 Frolicking cub



Fortunately,  at the next curve, we caught sight of another caribou bull overseeing his herd.  Unfortunately, the herd was on the other side of the ridge …
L5c-D3567 Caribou King of the Hill
Later, we did see a small herd; near enough to get a reasonable shot.
L5d-D3568 Closer to the Caribou
At the end of our 65 mile journey into the sanctuary, we paused to gaze upon Mt McKinley from the closest point of our entire journey.  The driver warned us that from there, the peak was behind clouds 90% of the time.  He provided us with a photo of what it looked like the other 10% of the time.
L5e- D3596 90% and 10% shots of Mt McKinley/Denali

Treeline in the park is about 2500-feet.  Treeline at this low elevation is not a result of a poor oxygen supply, but is caused by the short length of the growing season - suppressing even the highly adapted Sitka spruce.  Fireweed even peters out up here.  Moss and small, creeping shrubs make up most of the vegetation atop the permafrost crust of the earth.  Permafrost is not a plant or collection of plants, but a region in which the ground, at some point below the surface, never thaws.  This subsurface (permafrost) material is a combination of vegetation, dirt, and water and at some point every year, freezes all the way up to the surface.  The shot below shows some of that structure, with mossy plants on a thin layer of topsoil and the layer loamy earth below that continues down thru the point where the water in the soil crystalizes into ice.
L5f-D3598 Moss atop the Permafrost, at above 2500' tree-line

So all this beauteous nature draws throngs of adventurous people to Denali.  And where there are adventurous people, adventures break out.  Did I mention the fast-flowing Nenana river?  Perfect for kayak and raft rentals as a diversion from all those gift shops.  Here is Susie and me with our friends the Coveys, decked out in 'drysuits', just before we entered the rapids.  In the later shots we were offered, one or all of us were obscured by waves or over-splash as we pounded into a trough. 
L6-i0473 StCrains and Coveys rafting the Nenana.

The next shot is perhaps the most unexpected of all in this natural paradise.  There is a 15-square mile carve-out in the upper right-hand corner of the preserve with an active mine.  Since it was not …"untrammeled by man" it could not qualify for inclusion.  That left it open to commerce.  Why not rent the adventurers an ATV?  Yes friends, here we see ---
L7-D3605 Susie with her 4-wheeled ATV

We made two more attempts to see an unobscured Mt McKinley, by driving out to the observation pull-out at the13-mile point..  On the first of these, it was business as usual.  But, on the way back, we found a moose cow and her two cubs dining on the fireweed at the edge of the road. 
L8a-D3609 Moose cow with two calves, peeking thru fireweed

The next morning, we awoke to an overcast sky.  However, as we prepared to load the Prius back onto the dolly and leave, it began to look like it might clear up.  So, decided to make one last run to the 13-mile point.  Voila
L8b-D3616 Gotcha Denali

I want to end with one last observation of Denali.  The first immigrants to this region, some 1200 years ago, named this mountain Denali - "the high one", or "the tall one".  That name continued in usage by the people of the First Nation and by later immigrants: until 1901 when it was renamed to honor the recently assassinated president McKinley - not our tallest president.  In 2001, Alaska made a formal request to have the local name re-instated, because of strong regional sentiment.  The red-tape that has kept the question from the required congressional vote…"Stalemate".
L8c-D3550 Mt McKinley or Denali?


We're over half-way into the tour at this point.
431 Trip Miles: 3100 to 3568 …
L9-i0468 Homer-Anchorage-Denali

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